Research Framework

 Framework

Retrieved from Fong, S. F., & Lo, M. C. (2015). Community involvement and sustainable rural tourism development: Perspectives from the local communities. European Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 125-146. 

Variables

Independent variables: Participation in Decision Making, Knowledge Sharing, Empowerment, Community Knowledge about Tourism. 

Dependent variables: Social Sustainability, Cultural Sustainability, Economic Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability

Hypothesis

H1 - Participation in decision making will have positive relationship on social sustainability
H1a - Participation in decision making will have positive relationship on cultural sustainability
H1b - Participation  in decision making will have positive relationship on economic sustainability
H1c - participation in decision making will have positive relationship on environmental sustainability
H2 - Knowledge sharing will have positive relationship on social sustainability
H2a - Knowledge sharing will have positive relationship on cultural sustainability
H2b - Knowledge sharing will have positive relationship on economic sustainability
H2c - Knowledge sharing will have positive relationship on environmental sustainability
H3 - Empowerment will have positive relationship on social sustainability
H3a - Empowerment will have positive relationship on cultural sustainability
H3b - Empowerment will have positive relationship on economic sustainability
H3c - Empowerment will have positive relationship on environmental sustainability
H4 - Community knowledge will have positive relationship on social sustainability
H4a - Community knowledge will have positive relationship on cultural sustainability
H4b - Community knowledge will have positive relationship on economic sustainability
H4c - Community knowledge will have positive relationship on environmental sustainability

Measurements

NO	QUESTION/ ITEMS
PDM 1	I am informed about the tourism policies in my community	0.882
PDM 2	I have a voice in decision making process of tourism development in my community.	0.907
PDM 3	My opinion is sought when it is about tourism development project in my community.	0.934
PDM 4	I am actively involved in decision making process about tourism affairs in my community	0.894
KS 1	It gives me great pleasure to freely share my knowledge with tourism stakeholders (such as tourists, governments, and other local communities).	0.927
KS 2	I will share my knowledge with the tourism stakeholders	0.914
KS 3	When I learn something new, I notice that the tourism stakeholders (such as tourists, governments, and other local communities) can also learn it.	0.916
KS 4	I share my information with the tourism stakeholders in my community	0.924
KS 5	I share my skills with the tourism stakeholders in my community	0.895
EMP 1	Tourism makes me proud to be the resident in my community	0.927
EMP 2	Tourism makes me want to work to keep my community special	0.961
EMP 3	Tourism in my community makes me feel more connected to my community	0.950
EMP 4	Tourism in my community provide ways for me to get involved in my community	0.968
EMP 5	I feel like I have a voice in my community’s tourism development decisions	0.879
CK 1	Tourism industry in my area is an economic booster for my country	0.902
CK 2	Tourism is visiting friends and relatives in another town	0.880
CK 3	Eco tourism is tourism in harmony with the environment.	0.850
CK 4	I know a lot of tourist attractions in my area.	0.870
CK 5	Tourism industry provides many worthwhile employment opportunities	0.900
SOC 1	Tourism in my community enhanced community identity	0.935
SOC 2	Tourism enhanced the image of my community	0.938
SOC 3	Tourism enables me to experience new activities.	0.943
SOC 4	Tourism improved quality of life in my community	0.964
SOC 5	Tourism provides opportunity for me to learn new things	0.961
CUL 1	Tourism provides opportunity for me to learn other people’s cultures	0.929
CUL 2	Tourism provides opportunity to restore and protect historical structures in my community	0.963
CUL 3	Tourism increases people’s awareness and recognition about the local culture and heritage in my community	0.950
CUL 4	Tourism provides many varieties of cultural facilities and activities in my community	0.953
CUL 5	The variety of cultural activities in my community is unique and special	0.960
ECO 1	Tourism increases the number of jobs in my community	0.831
ECO 2	Tourism increases my personal income.	0.904
ECO 3	Tourism increases my standard of living.	0.865
ECO 4	Tourism provides variety of shopping facilities in my community	0.906
ECO 5	Tourism generate revenue for the local economy	0.909
ENV 1	Tourism should be integrated with conservation and land management in my community	0.933
ENV 2	Tourism development should be encouraged not to have conflict with the environment	0.934
ENV 3	Tourism does not harm the environment	0.791
ENV 4	The environment needs greater protection	0.938
ENV 5	The economic gains of tourism are just as important as the protection of the environment.	0.918